
The end credits of the comedy film A Fish called Wanda include the final joke; we are informed that Kevin Kline’s evil character will go on to become minister for justice in South Africa. The writer John Cleese is making use of the now common “where are they now” trope popularised by George Lucas when he lists the fate of the characters at the end of American Graffiti.
The trope depends on irony. So I was not surprised to discover that the trope was employed by the master of irony, Gustave Flaubert. In a novel. More than 100 years before those two films.
Madame Bovary, published in 1856, has a kind of end credit. An ironic one intended to make us smile at, and despair over, the state of bourgeois France, represented by the ignorant, incompetent Monsieur Homais.
The final sentence translates as – “ He has just received the Legion of Honour”
